British
Shorthair
The British Shorthair is the pedigreed version of the
traditional Britsh domestic cat, with a distinctively
chunky body, dense coat, and broad face. The most familiar colour
variant is the “British blue “ a solid blue-gray with copper eyes, medium tail,
but the breed has also been developed in a widerange of other colour and patter
including tabby and colourprint.
It is one of the most ancient cat breeds known, probably
originating from European domestic cat imported into british by the invading
Romans in the first century AD. In modern times, it remains the most popular
pedigreed breed in its native country, as registered by the UK Governing
Council of cat fancy.
The breed good natural appearance and relatively calm
temperament make it a frequent media star, notably as the inspiration for John
Tenniel famous illustration of the Cheshire cat from Alice in wonderland. The
CFA profile reads “When a gracelessness is observed the British shorthair is
duly embarrassed, quickly recovering with a Cheshire cat smile.
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Source:Google |
History
The origins of the british Shorthair most likely date back
to the First Century AD, making it one of the most ancient identifiable cat
breed in the world. It is thought that the invading Roman initially brought
Egyptian domestic cat to Great Britain, these cats then interbred with the
Local European wildcat populations. Over the centuries, naturally isolated
descendants developed into distinctively large, robust cats with a short but
very thick coat, the better to withstand conditions on their native islands.
Based on artist representation, the modern British Shorthair is basically
unchanged from this initial type.
Selective breeding of the best examples of the type began in
the nineteenth century, with emphasis on developing the usual blue grey variant
called the “British Blue” or “English type” in particular. Sources directly
credit UK artist and pioneering cat fancier Harrison Weir with the initial
concept of standardizing the breed, others suggest group of breeders may have
been involved. The new british shorthair was featured at the first ever cat
show, organized by Weir and held at the Crystal Palace in London in 1871, and
enjoyed great initial popularity.
By the 1890s, With the advent of newly imported Persian and
other long haired breeds, British Shorthair had fallen out of favor, and
breeding stock had become critically rare by Wolrd War 1. The genes thus
introduced would eventually become the basis for the British Longhair, at the
time, any long haired cats produced were placed into the Persian breeding
programs. As all cats the “blue”colouration were then judged together as
variants on a “de facto” single breed, the Blue shorthair, outcrossing of the
British with the Russian Blue were also common.
After the war, in an attempt to maintaind the breed
standard, the GCCF decided to accept only third generation Persian/British
Shorthaird crosses. This contributed to another Blue were reintroduced into the
mix. British Shorthaired breeders also worked with the French Chartreux,
another ancient breed, which although genetically unrelated to the British Blue
is a very similar cat in appearance. After the war, breeders worked to
re-establish the true British type, and by the late 1970s the distinctive
british Shorthair had achieved formal recognition from both American (CFA) and
The International Cat Association. According to the GCCF 2013 registry
data, it is once again the most popular pedigreed in its native country.
Description
Appearance
The British Shorthair is a relatively powerful looking large
cat, having a broad chest, strong thick set legs with rounded paws and medium
length, blunt tipped tail. The head is relatively large and rounded, with a
short muzzle, broad cheeks (most noticeable in mature males, who tend to
developed prominent jowls) and large round eyes that are deep coppery orange in
the British Blue and vary in colour depending on the coat. Their large ears are
broad and widely set. The ‘British
Blue’variant con often be confused with grey Scottish Fold.
The Shorthair can be characterized by having its pointy triangle ears, whereas
the Fold has softer, folded ears.
They are slow to mature in comparison with most cat breeds,
reaching full physical development at approximately three year of age.
Unusually among domestic cats they are a noticeably sexually dimorphic breed,
with male averaging 9-17 lb (4.1 to 7.7 kg) and female 7-12 lb (3.2 to 5.4 kg).
Coat,colour
and patterns
The British Shorthair coat is one of the breed defining
featured. It is very dense but does not have an undercoat. Thus the textures
are plush rather than wolly or fluffy, with a firm, “crisp” pile that breaks
noticeably over the cat body as it moves.
Although the British Blue remains the most familiar variant,
British shorthair has been developed in much other colour and pattern. Black,
blue, white, red, cream, silver, golden and most recently cinnamon and fawn are
accepted by all official standard, either solid or in colourpoint, tabby,
shaded and bicolour patterns, GCCF, FIFE, and TICA also accept chocolate and
its dilute lilac, disallow in the CFA standard. All colour and patters also
have tortoiseshell variants.
The tabby patterns include Classic Tabby, Mackerel tabby,
Spotted and Ticked tabby. The non-tabby patterns include Tortoiseshell,
Bicolour, Van patterns Bicolour and white, Smoke, Tipped and colourpointed.
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Source:Google |
Temperament
They are an easygoing and dignified breed, not as active and
playful as many but sweet-natured and devoted to their owners, making them as
favourite of animal trainers. They tend to be safe around other pets since they
will tolerate a fair amount of physical interaction, but as a rule do not like
to be picked up or carried. They require only minimal grooming and take well to
being kept as indoor only cats; they can be prone to obesity unless care is
taken with their diet.
Health
The UK breed committee considers British Shorthair a long
lived cat, with an anticipation of 14 to 20 years (Vet clinic data from
European country shows a median lifespan of 11.8 years). (Swedish insurance
data puts the median lifespan of the breed at twelve.5 years. 82% of british
shorthairs lived to 10 years or additional and 54% lived to 12.5 years or
more.)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) can be problem in the breed. A Danish prevalence study with ore than 329 cats showed that 20.4% of males
and 2.1% of the females had HCM. On top of this 6.8% of males and 3.9% of
females were judged to be equivocal. HCM testing of males used for breeding is
now mandatory for breeders organized under the Danish fife member, FElis Dancia
This breed is thought to be at high risk of (Polycystic
Kidney Disease). A DNA test lab has noted a significant decrease of the PKD
mutations in tested population. Carrier frequency is now at 1%.